The material evolution and characteristics of acupuncture needles

The material of acupuncture needles has undergone an evolution from bian stone, bronze to modern stainless steel. In the early days, the texture of Bian stone was rough and it was only used to stimulate the body surface. Bronze needles, though sharp, are prone to rust. Modern clinical practice mainly uses stainless steel needles, which are flexible and not easy to break, making them suitable for complex manual operations. Some good needles are made of silver or tungsten steel. Silver needles have strong antibacterial properties and good electrical conductivity, making them suitable for stimulating sensitive areas. Tungsten steel fire needles are heat-resistant and suitable for the treatment of deep lesions. The selection of materials should be based on the treatment requirements. For instance, silver needles are mostly used for chronic pain, while tungsten steel needles are used for surgical drainage of pus.